Dynamic cells linked to brain tumor growth and recurrence

In mice, researchers have discovered the presence of oncostreams, highly active cells connected to how brain tumors grow and invade healthy tissue.

8:11 AM

Author | Anna Megdell

microscopic collagen tumor green blue
Collagen 1, a protein produced by tumor cells, is essential to the growth and function of these tumor oncostreams. Image courtesy of Pedro Lowenstein

Tumors are made up of many types of cells, both cancerous and benign. The specific complexity of the cells inside brain tumors has been a trademark of the disease, one that makes treatment extremely difficult. While scientists have long known about the variety of cells within a brain tumor, the ways these tumors grow has relied on the understanding that the cells are static, unmoving and relatively fixed.

But researchers at the University of Michigan Department of Neurosurgery and Rogel Cancer Center have discovered that these aggressive tumors contain highly active cells that move throughout tissue in complicated patterns. What's more, the accumulations of these elongated, spindle-like cells found throughout the tumor, coined 'oncostreams,' serve as the basis for cancerous cells' behavior, determining how tumors grow and invade normal tissue.

Pedro Lowenstein, M.D., Ph.D., Richard C. Schneider Collegiate Professor of Neurosurgery and lead author of this study in Nature Communications, says this organized growth is what makes brain tumors so relentless.

"Brain tumors are highly lethal, with less than 5% of patients living beyond five years," he said. "Unfortunately, reoccurrence is what eventually kills patients. They receive surgery for their initial tumor, but the tumor always comes back within 12 to 18 months," he said.  

Lowenstein and his team, including Maria Castro, Ph.D., also found that overexpression of Collagen 1, a protein produced by tumor cells, is essential to the growth and function of these structures.

"When we eliminated Collagen 1 production from tumor cells, the animal models with brain tumors lived much longer. This step removes oncostreams from tumors and reduces tumor aggressive behavior because the tumors need Collagen 1 to move in the specific way we discovered," said Lowenstein.

Lowenstein says this structure is likely present in other types of cancer, too. "Once people recognize that there are dynamic areas of the tumor, and that they're related to tumor growth, eventual invasion and death, people will likely locate oncostreams in other tumor models," he said.

To detect this previously unknown presence of oncostreams, the team collaborated with Todd Hollon, M.D., assistant professor in the Michigan Medicine Department of Neurological Surgery, and Sebastien Motsch, Ph.D., associate professor of mathematics at Arizona State University, to implement artificial intelligence methods to identify the structures in tissue.

"Essentially, we showed images to a computer and the computer eventually learns to recognize oncostreams," Lowenstein explained.

Dismantling oncostreams through the removal of Collagen 1 could represent a novel therapeutic target to treat lethal brain tumors. "This research proves the crucial importance of continuing to investigate the complicated extracellular matrix," notes Andrea Comba, Ph.D., research investigator and first author of the study.

"Based on this discovery, we propose targeting tumor collagen to disrupt oncostreams, and as novel therapy for the treatment of brain glioma," she said.

Paper cited: "Spatiotemporal analysis of glioma heterogeneity reveals COL1A1 as an actionable target to disrupt tumor progression," Nature Communications. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31340-1

Funding: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke grants (R37-NS094804, R01-NS105556, R21-NS107894, R21-NS091555, R01-NS074387); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke grants (R01-NS076991, R01-NS096756, R01-NS082311, R01-NS122234, R01-NS127378); National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R01-EB022563); National Cancer Institute (U01CA224160); Rogel Cancer Center at The University of Michigan (G023089); Ian's Friends Foundation grant (G024230); Leah's Happy Hearts Foundation grant (G013908); Pediatric Brain Tumor Foundation grant (G023387); ChadTough Foundation grant (G023419); RNA Biomedicine grant (F046166); National Cancer Institute grants: (R01 CA125577, R01 CA107469); Health and Human Services; National Institutes of Health ( UL1 TR002240); Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research; Postdoctoral Translational Scholars Program (Project F049768.)


More Articles About: Lab Report All Research Topics Neurology Neurosurgery & Neurological Procedures Brain Cancer Cancer: Help, Diagnosis & Treatment Cancer: Cancer Types
Health Lab word mark overlaying blue cells
Health Lab

Explore a variety of healthcare news & stories by visiting the Health Lab home page for more articles.

Media Contact Public Relations

Department of Communication at Michigan Medicine

[email protected]

734-764-2220

Stay Informed

Want top health & research news weekly? Sign up for Health Lab’s newsletters today!

Subscribe
Featured News & Stories smiling woman holds pillow with plaid cover next to bed
Health Lab
30 years of insomnia improved in just four weeks
Sleep medicine experts say psychotherapy is the first line treatment for chronic insomnia
Four older women pose and smile
Health Lab
Unlocking the secrets of SuperAgers
People in their 80s and 90s with cognitive abilities similar to much younger people, called super agers, are taking part in a national study of their brain health.
Microscopic image of bone marrow with pink and white hues
Health Lab
Novel risk score for cardiovascular complications after bone marrow transplant
More bone marrow transplants, also known as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, are being offered to older patients, a population at greater risk of cardiovascular disease.
cancer cell blue yellow
Health Lab
Less chemoradiation is possible for some cancer patients
Some oropharynx cancer patients may qualify for less radiation treatments, according to a new study from experts at the University of Michigan Health Rogel Cancer Center.
Illustration of scientists and doctors playing basketball in white coats and scrubs
News Release
Four U-M teams selected for virtual tournament of science
U-M researchers' work made the bracket in the 2024 STAT Madness tournament of science, and need public support to advance
Animated microscopic image of the glioblastoma's tumor microenvironment
Health Lab
New model of key brain tumor feature could help scientists understand how to develop new treatments
Model shows how oncostreams form and behave in brain tumors – and how to inhibit them