Only about half of people age 50 to 80 have set up an account on a secure online access site, or "patient portal," offered by their health care provider, according to new findings from the National Poll on Healthy Aging.

Older people with more education and higher household incomes had higher rates of patient portal use — even though those with lower household incomes and less education typically have more health-related needs.

Age matters, too: People age 65 or older were more likely to say they don't like using a computer to communicate about their health, or to say they're not comfortable with technology in general, compared with those in their 50s and early 60s.

In fact, among older adults who hadn't yet set up access to a patient portal, 52 percent cited concerns about communicating online about health information. Fifty percent said they didn't see the need for this kind of access to their health information. And about 40 percent simply hadn't gotten around to setting up their access yet; these tended to be adults in their 50s and early 60s.

The poll of 2,013 older adults was conducted by the University of Michigan Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, and sponsored by AARP and Michigan Medicine, U-M's academic medical center.

Growing availability, incomplete use

For the past several years, the federal government has required hospitals, health systems and other health care providers to offer patient portal options to their patients if they want to earn extra funding from Medicare. The requirements include timely access to records and test results that are part of a provider's electronic health record system.

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Among those who had set up an online portal access to their health provider, most (84 percent) had viewed their results from blood tests or other tests.

But when asked about other portal functions, the numbers dropped off sizably. For instance, 43 percent had refilled a prescription online, 37 percent had used a portal to schedule an appointment, and only 26 percent went online to get advice about a health problem from their provider.

"The health care system has provided patient portals as an efficient way for patients to communicate with their providers," says U-M's Sarah J. Clark, M.P.H., co-associate director of the poll and an associate research scientist at the U-M Medical School. "But many older adults are uncomfortable with electronic interactions substituting for a phone call or in-person conversation."

"Many older adults still prefer telephone contact with their providers," says poll director and U-M Medical School professor Preeti Malani, M.D., noting that 47 percent of poll respondents said calling was a better way to explain their request.

"We hope providers, and health systems, will take these findings into consideration when designing the ways patients can interact with them."

Concerns and divides

The poll's results highlight the concerns that might be keeping older adults from setting up and logging in to the patient portals available to them.

For instance, 27 percent of those who hadn't set up a portal account were very concerned that online communication would bring a higher chance of error than talking with someone on the phone or in person would. Nineteen percent were very concerned they wouldn't know who from the provider's staff was answering their question, and 17 percent were very concerned that getting a response to an online communication would take too long.

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But among those who had signed up for a portal, respondents were almost evenly split among those who said phone was faster for getting an answer, those who said the portal was faster, and those who said they were the same.

"'Convenience' is in the eye of the beholder, and traditional methods of communication with providers still feel more comfortable, accessible, and secure for many older Americans," says Alison Bryant, Ph.D., senior vice president of research for AARP. "There are great opportunities for us to empower both patients and their caregivers through these technologies, however."

Another sign that older adults may be missing out on potential portal functions showed up when respondents were asked who else they have authorized to see their health information. Of those who have a portal account, 43 percent said they had authorized someone else to log in to see their information – mostly spouses and partners but also adult children and other family members, some of whom may be their caregivers.

Among those who hadn't authorized another user, 22 percent said they didn't know how to set this up, and 35 percent said they prefer to keep their information private. The other 43 percent said they don't have anyone else who helps with their medical care. The importance of family support was also highlighted in a recent review paper on older adults and patient portals written by a University of Washington team and published in the journal Medical Informatics.

As patients age and have more complex health needs, providers may want to help their patients understand that they can authorize their loved ones to have such access. A recent IHPI study found that "health supporters" such as adult children are willing and able to help people with chronic illness but often feel left out by both patients and providers.

The poll results are based on answers from a nationally representative sample of 2,013 people ages 50 to 80. The poll respondents answered a wide range of questions online. Questions were written, and data interpreted and compiled, by the IHPI team. Laptops and internet access were provided to poll respondents who did not already have them.

A full report of the findings and methodology is available at www.healthyagingpoll.org, along with past National Poll on Healthy Aging reports.