How Printing a 3-D Skull Helped Save a Real One

A tumor lodged deep in a teenager’s skull posed diagnostic complications. A 3-D model of the patient’s skull provided a vital road map to help doctors prepare for surgery.

8:00 AM

Author | Beata Mostafavi

What started as a stuffy-nose and mild cold symptoms for 15-year-old Parker Turchan led to a far more serious diagnosis: a rare type of tumor in his nose and sinuses that extended through his skull near his brain.

SEE ALSO: Artificial Placenta Holds Promise for Extremely Premature Infants

"He had always been a healthy kid, so we never imagined he had a tumor," says Parker's father, Karl. "We didn't even know you could get a tumor in the back of your nose."

The Portage, Michigan, high school sophomore was referred to the University of Michigan's C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, where doctors determined the tumor extended so deep that it was beyond what regular endoscopy could see.

The team members needed to get the best representation of the tumor's extent to ensure that their surgical approach could successfully remove the entire mass

"Parker had an uncommon, large, high-stage tumor in a very challenging area," says Mott pediatric head and neck surgeon David Zopf, M.D. "The tumor's location and size had me question whether a minimally invasive approach would allow us to remove the tumor completely." 

To help answer that question, teams at Mott sought an innovative approach: crafting a 3-D replica of Parker's skull.

The model, made of polylactic acid, helped simulate the coming operation on Parker by giving U-M surgeons "an exact replica of his craniofacial anatomy and a way to essentially touch the 'tumor' with our hands ahead of time," Zopf says.

Just as important, it also allowed the team to counsel Parker and his family by offering them a look at what lurked within — and, with the test run successfully complete, what would lie ahead.

We are finding more and more uses for 3-D printing in medicine. It is proving to be a powerful tool that will allow for enhanced patient care.

David Zopf, M.D.

A 'pretty impressive' model

The rare and aggressive tumor in Parker's nose is known as juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, a mass that grows in the back of the nasal cavity and predominantly affects young male teens. Mott sees a handful of cases each year.

SEE ALSO: How 3-D Printed Devices Saved Three Babies' Lives

In Parker's case, the tumor had two large parts: one roughly the size of an egg and the other the size of a kiwi. The mass sat right in the center of the craniofacial skeleton below the brain and next to the nerves that control eye movement and vision.

"We were obviously concerned about the risks involved in this kind of procedure, which we knew could lead to a lot of blood loss and was sensitive because it was so close to the nerves in his face," says Karl, who praised the 3-D methodology used to aid his son. "It was pretty impressive to see the model of Parker's skull ahead of the surgery. We had no idea this was even possible."

Dr. Zopf with the skull model.

Zopf, working with Erin McKean, M.D., a U-M skull base surgeon, was able to completely remove the large tumor. Kyle VanKoevering, M.D., and Sajad Arabnejad, Ph.D., aided in model preparation. 

Through preoperative embolization, the blood supply to the tumor was blocked off the day before surgery to decrease blood loss. A large portion of the tumor was then detached endoscopically and removed through the mouth. The remaining mass under the brain was taken out through the nose. 

Doctors took pictures of Parker's anatomy during the surgery and, later, compared it with pictures from the model. They were nearly identical. 

"Words alone can't express how thankful we are for Parker's talented team of surgeons at Mott," says his mother, Heidi. "Parker is back to his old self again."

Parker holding the model.

Powerful potential

Although medical application of the technology continues to gain attention, it isn't entirely new. Zopf and Mott teams have used 3-D printing for almost five years.

Groundbreaking 3-D printed splints made at U-M have helped save the lives of babies with severe tracheobronchomalacia, which causes the windpipe to periodically collapse and prevents normal breathing. Mott has also used 3-D printing on a fetus to plan for a potentially complicated birth.  

"We are finding more and more uses for 3-D printing in medicine," Zopf says. "It is proving to be a powerful tool that will allow for enhanced patient care."

Based on success in patients such as Parker and continued collaboration, it's a concept that appears poised to thrive.

"Because of the team approach we've established at the University of Michigan between otolaryngology and biomedical engineering, the printed models can be designed and rapidly produced at a very low cost," Zopf says. "Michigan is one of only a few places in the nation and world that has the capacity to do this."


More Articles About: Health Tech Emerging Technologies Children's Health 3D printing
Health Lab word mark overlaying blue cells
Health Lab

Explore a variety of healthcare news & stories by visiting the Health Lab home page for more articles.

Media Contact Public Relations

Department of Communication at Michigan Medicine

[email protected]

734-764-2220

Stay Informed

Want top health & research news weekly? Sign up for Health Lab’s newsletters today!

Subscribe
Featured News & Stories illustration of large pile of cash bills casting a shadow on parents next to a child in a hospital bed
Health Lab
Caregivers more likely to face financial burden following pediatric critical illness
Nearly a third of caregivers with a child in a pediatric intensive care unit experienced signs of underlying financial burden, Michigan research shows
Health care provider loads syringe with measles vaccine
Health Lab
Measles: 10 things to know about immunization and prevention
Measles: 10 things to know about immunization and prevention
Adult performs CPR on a young athlete, illustration with red and blue figures
Health Lab
Sudden cardiac arrest in young athletes: 5 things parents should know
Sudden cardiac arrest in young athletes: 5 things parents should know
Illustration of girl with blue water line, depicting a figure drowning, as girl contemplates pill in hand
Health Lab
Antidepressant dispensing to adolescents and young adults surges during pandemic
Rate of antidepressant dispensing to young people rose faster after March 2020, especially among females
colorful illustration with human figure and highlighted lungs
Health Lab
Multimodal AI model may guide personalized treatments for tuberculosis
AI approach helps researchers interpret large biomedical data sets to accurately predict tuberculosis treatment prognosis
Mom and daughter pose in two separate photos about 30 years apart. Daughter had a congenital heart issue, now is an adult.
Health Lab
Mother daughter duo reflect on nearly three decade heart journey
Mother, daughter reflect on congenital heart treatment and decades long treatment